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Interwar Period

The time between the World Wars shows not only the downfall of Great Empires but the growth of less powerful nations, like the United States. The interwar decades are consumed with recovering from the devastation of the first world war and attempting to create a world that will not fall into such turmoil again. At the same time, countries like Germany and Japan wanted prove their worth, as they have not been able to in the First World War. In  this, the 1920s and 1930s are muddled with new governments that establish a greater amount of control in the troubled times. Throughout this short era, the inevitable war became more and more clear as some powers rose while others bent in order to appease. 

Rise of Totalitarianism 
Totalitarianism 

A form of government which exercises complete control over all of its subjects politically, economically, socially, culturally, and religiously. Civil and human rights are not guaranteed in a totalitarian government.

 

Various systems of government can have totalitarianism forms, including socialism/communism (ex. Stalin) and Fascism (ex Hitler).   

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The rise of totalitarianism occurred in many forms and many started in the Interwar Period - some not reaching their heights until after the Second World War. Many countries fell into governments that evolved into totalitarian societies, including Japan, China, USSR, Italy, and Germany. 

Japan - Mukden Incident

In 1931, a bomb exploded on a Manchurian Railway. Both Chinese and Japanese officials rushed to the scene to investigate. This was the first a multiple incidents that led Japan, led by militaristic Emperor Hirohito, and China into the Second Sino-Japanese War. Horrifying atrocities such as the Rape of Nanking occurred during this war, and many of these events continued into WWII. The Mukden Incident is one example of many of the rising militaristic government of Japan leading into the Second World war

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Emperor Hirohito
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